Abiotic And Biotic Characteristics Environmental Sciences Essay

San Francisco Bay has maintained a brilliant organic structure of H2O and usage to prolong the economic system of Western United States and San Francisco Estuary in Bay in is of great importance because through this a big figure of H2O run outing becomes possible. It ‘s Estuary from where fresh H2O meets to sea H2O. There are many pollutants that we face in our day-to-day life e.g. soil, deposits, oil, lubricating oil, fertilizes pesticides chemicals etc. the H2O running from the land transporting these pollutants to underground and finally this range to the Estuary of san Francisco. These pollutants when range in river and sea H2O can foul the whole H2O and turn out harmful for aquatic life as it can be cause injury for wetland animals like fish, and can turn out really unsafe for other home grounds of H2O. It can destruct the aquatic system and can be major menaces for the life being populating under H2O. As San Francisco Estuary considered as a really of import part and has much economic importance so for bar of pollution and maintain safe this part from other different factors Restoration and preservation is used.Abiotic and biotic features of the San Francisco EstuaryMany of environmental factors affect the abiotic and biotic features of the San Francisco Estuary these include both abiotic and biotic features. These factors effects the life in Estuary in great extends. Inanimate factors are called abiotic factors which include concentration of O and foods, salt of H2O and sum of sunlight. As these factors have the major impact on the life in estuary. All life factors that affect the estuary are called biotic factors. That includes manufacturers ‘ consumers and marauders as manufacturers are of basic importance for consumers. Consumers rely on manufacturers and marauders rely on consumers. So these are depend on one another to keep the balance of estuary,Population growing in the San Francisco Bay country affected the estuaryIncreasing tendency of population in San Francisco Bay country affected the estuary as increasing tendency of population cause a haste in urban every bit good as on small town countries. More the people are utilizing the resorts more the waste is making and much usage of H2O and H2O waste from its usage create pollution as much of the contaminated H2O is drained through the belowground ways to Estuary that is a great menace for the marine life. More over in recent old ages 40,000 metric dozenss of pollutants enter the Bay yearly from agribusiness and urban overflow. Rivers, atmospheric radioactive dust, municipal sewerage intervention workss, industrial installations, natural and unreal eroding, illegal clearance, dredging and dredged stuff disposal, marine vas discharges, inadvertent spills, and landfill ooze are besides doing jobs every bit good. ( 1 )Habitat break in the San Francisco Estuary been increased by human behaviourEstuaries is of great importance for us as these are used for nutrient, trade and for shelter and in this instance Sans Francisco Bay has great importance as it is used as seaport for many ships of this parts. There are big figure of workss and animate beings found in Estuaries and the most of population of San Francisco Bay depend on these marine lives for their nutrient. But due to the pollution spreading by addition in population cause injury to these workss and animate beings. This pollution can do harm to the lives of these workss and animate beings found in estuaries. Heavy burden of silt, rubbish, and deposits by eroding and chemical taint cause can turn out to be harmful for these workss and animate beings and can make asphyxiation for them. Due to increase in irrigation or by doing more dikes by the people can do jobs as more the salty H2O will travel upriver as comparison to normal everyday that can do destructive effect for species populating in the H2O. The most of import impact of human population in estuaries habitat in San Francisco is the development of estuaries. Peoples are seeking to acquire spread out the country of estuaries for development intent as they are rather interested to utilize the land for lodging and concern intent as they want to desire to use the part of estuaries for industrial development. Economically estuaries are really good for these intents but this can caused the doomed of big figure of home ground found in these estuaries. So it is harmful for the H2O species and go the cause of Habitat break in the San Francisco Estuary. Aquatic Nuisance Species ( ANS ) is transporting the being across America and around the Earth. This phenomena is increasing that cause injury to native fish and wild life in different ways as it disturb the full nutrient web and cause jobs for human life activity every bit good e.g. interrupting the H2O bringing and set uping the agribusiness every bit good.Conservation being used to advance and keep the biodiversity of workss and animate beings in the San Francisco EstuaryBiodiversity of workss and animate beings means scope of organisms including different workss and animate beings, present in ecological system. It is really of import to advance and keep the biodiversity of workss and animate beings to acquire the broad assortment of being that will be good and usage to carry through human demands. San Francisco Estuary is of great importance for the home ground of this part as they get of import benefits from them so to salvage this and to last from the loss of species found in t hese estuaries it is really of import to properly mange and develop the system to get away from the loss of marine species as good. Estuary of San Francisco Bay is of great importance in all over the universe. To procure it from un exceeding phenomena and widen the productive usage of it The San Francisco Estuary Partnership ( SFEP ) is playing really of import function as they have used different attacks to cut down the impact of Aquatic Nuisance Species ( ANS ) . They have start to see species direction program I order to retrieve the species of Estuary from harmful effects. Fish in the estuary demand O to last so the estuary where there is increased pollution that ‘s doing lost of marine life, Submerged aquatic flora ( SAV ) produces O for fish external respiration and to cut down the pollution. The Sans Francisco Bay preservation and development committee ( 2 ) prepared a program to do and implement the policies for the development of Bay and to use the maximal benefits from them. The Sans Francisco Bay program is created and implemented by this committee in 1968. The of import conversation of this program was related to shore line and coastal countries to use it to their maximal potency. Conservation of fish and other aquatic being is most significantly depend on the O that is provided to these beings, fresh H2O, handiness of nutrient for these beings, sufficient country of genteelness and quality of H2O. If these factors are organized in proper manner so it became possible to keep and better the biodiversity of workss and animate beings of Sans Francisco estuary. The Sans Francisco Bay preservation and development committee has taken of import stairss to reconstruct these constituents in order to guarantee the benefits for the future coevals of these fish, and other wild life of estuary. This committee besides provides recommendations in Bayland Ecosystem habitat Goal Report about the diverseness of home ground O heighten the assortment of aquatic workss and carnal species. The Baylands Ecosystem habitat Goal Report works to supply the of import information about the types, sum, and distribution of wetlands and its home grounds that are needed to keep a healthy eco system.DecisionSan Francisco Estuary is of great importance as this is a passage zone between watershed and ocean and economically this system has great importance for that part that ‘s the ground of Restoration of this estuary. Many action programs has made for the development, publicity and care of these Estuary and many more action programs are expected in close hereafter for farther development of this ecosystem.

Groupthink and Risky Shift Phenomenon Essay

Groupthink phenomenon continues to exist and influence in a group decision making. This is especially happen when group cohesiveness is high and there is an absence of open communication. However, understanding the theory would enable us to recognize the factors that may affect the quality of decisions we made in the group. Risky-shift on the other hand, exists as a form of motivation with a perspective of a shared responsibility of taking the risky decision. It is generally accepted that this risky-shift influence by cultural value in which individual is motivated to choose the riskier alternative to increase group or society status. Understanding risky-shift enables us to reduce the magnitude of pressure of which the risk has to bring as imbedded in every decision made during uncertainties. In addition, group interaction is very important in the process of decision-making whereby individual opinion and ideas is valued. It is also in this way that individual will learn to stand his position in certain decision-making procedure. It maybe be difficult and challenging since individual will share different ideas and inputs, exchange opinions and contrary views, yet in the process develop alternatives to the solution in problem solving which reflects a good group decision-making. Overall, these sociological phenomenon and perspective allow us to identify attributes that may control and limit the development of best alternative in solving problem and issues. Finally, a clear understanding of the elements of these theories will enable members to recognised symptoms within a faulty group decision-making and draw the best alternative course of action from the group. This paper is going to provide insights on the case of Yellow Auto Company in term of the critical decision in the sociological perspective area such as the Groupthink and Risky-shift phenomenon. Introduction Group decision-making sometimes falls into the typical group norm which oftentimes leads to failure. This happens usually because of the idea of group cohesion and valuing the need for belongingness in the group. Janis (1972) defines it as a deliberate action of an individual group member to conform to the decision of the group to keep the harmony. The reason behind is to avoid clashes and come up with a solution without being critical during a group decision-making process. In addition to the need of individual for belonging, group tendency to transfer the risk to group members allow the group to choose the riskier alternative. It usually, emerges from a faulty organizational structure and communication perspective which oftentimes results a high probability of failure. The Yellow Auto Company was a well-known global car company in India. The company is own and manage by the family where the structure is hierarchical in which line managers and employee has no autonomy in terms of decision making. There is an obvious high cohesion within the members of the decision making body and this is described as unwritten rules of the company which is mostly in the minds of the family members. When the top managers of the Yellow Auto Company, notice the decreasing job satisfaction and commitment of their employees, they decided to invest on their development. Even though, there was an existing economic crisis in the country, the group decided pursuit with their plans in investing in human resource with the assistance of external consultant. This report will utilize the sociological perspective to critically analyse these significant issue and the make recommendation to an effective group decision-making. The Groupthink phenomenon The most critical decision that the Yellow Auto Company have done was the decision of hiring and working with external consultant. Since the company was owned and manage by the family, its group structure is assumed to have high group cohesiveness and lack of critical discussion procedures. Janis (1972) exerts that group with high cohesiveness encourages conformity to its norms and without adequate decision procedures which is a condition of groupthink will tend to result to a poor decision (Callaway & Esser, 1984). In this case the family who runs the company shares common purposes and interests, that gives them a sense of security resulting to a shared illusion of invulnerability (Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, & Currie, 2003a). This is further describe in the case where most of the rules are unwritten and in the minds of the family members which is a characteristic of group conformity (Teale, et al. , 2003a) and where employees did not have much autonomy in decision making. This conformity of individual to adapt the decision of group members (Gerring, Zimbardo, Campbell, Cumming, & Wilkes, 2012), tends to suppressed individual critical thinking to avoid being ridiculed and being question on their loyalty. The structure of communication process was described as hierarchical where agenda can readily be manipulated and directed by pressure of group conformity which reflects self-censorship (Teale, et al. , 2003a). The top managers and owner who make the dominant decision for the organization (Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, & Currie, 2003b) may result to a limited quality of the decision as described by Simon as ‘bounded rationality’ (Tolbert & Hall, 2008). As a result of this limitation the group could only identify and provide less alternative course of action to the problem than in groups where participation is encourage (Carrie, 2010). In addition, the absence of critical thinking in group discussion may devoid individual of their potentials to contribute mportant information necessary of the group (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). In this scenario, the manager may cause other members to follow whatever personal view (Janis, 1972) he may have which is a groupthink perspective characterized by a high level of confidence and lack of disagreement from group members(Callaway & Esser, 1984). However, when the top managers realized the need for experts to manage change process in human resource which reflect task-oriented group (Teale, et al. , 2003a) shows a positive group structure which characterised an effective group decision. Inviting outside expert is a criterion to prevent the groupthink phenomena, allowing independent group to work on the same problem and assess the organizations. When top managers, line managers and employees decided to work and cooperate with external consultant, it bridges the gap and opens the communication between managers and employees. This communication process, allows members of the group to provides unreserved feedbacks to reduce and unveil the hidden and unknown areas as described in Johari Window as information keep to avoid conflict and concealed potential and unrecognized skills(Teale, et al. 2003a). In addition it allows group members to contribute in the development of high-quality decision which is a characteristic of consensus perspective (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). The occurrence of open communication between managers and employees display an active cooperation of the group, which is a characteristic for an effective implementation of a decision(Amason, 1996). This intermediate cohesiveness(Callaway & Esser, 1984) produces high quality decision which builds mutual respect, acceptable culture and shared direction in the achievement of organizational goal. This is a reflection of process-oriented group (Teale, et al. , 2003a) skills where group interaction uses cooperative listening and other social skills to produce a common understanding and getting the job done. Overall, this changes and action of top managers towards their employee builds a mutual commitment for a successful implementation of the decision as described by Guth and Macmillan (Amason, 1996). The Risky-shift phenomenon Most often the group will chose a riskier alternative than decision made by individual (Burnstein, 1969; Stoner, 1968), whereby members of the groups ends to decide differently about perceived risk when they are alone. Some of the many reasons why it might happen include diffusion of responsibility where emotion bonds exist. In this case, the relationship of the family who runs the company, may have the tendency to reduce apprehension and perceived the risk as shared (Wallach, Kogan, & Bem, 1964). Group members would take a risky alternative with the fee ling of less personal responsibility for the negative consequences of such a decision(Forsyth, 1990) and less likelihood of being blamed. It is also a way for individual to easily hide within the group when making contributions to a group discussion and speak only when expected that the group would agree as described by a spiral-of-silence logic (Packer, 2009) whereby individuality is restricted by other people’s opinion. In addition, the top managers and owner of the company cooperation with the external consultant allows the sharing of responsibility to members of the risk which minimizes blaming in case of failure of decision(Clark, 1971). As a result, the decision will most likely be riskier, as they share the risk and relatively make individual felt risk less. Another probability for the risky-shift to exist is the leadership influence(Clark, 1971) over the group. High risk-taker will persuade others to take greater risks(Collins & Guetzkow, 1964) because of their aggressiveness and commitment in the pursuit of their objective which in this case the top manager and owner. The top managers and owner personal and direct involvement in the company and in the discussion (Forsyth, 1990) will have the tendency to influence the group members. This is further supported by Brown (1965) who asserts that status in the group is often connected with risk-taking, which oftentimes made the group chose the riskier alternative. In this case scenario, the decision of investing in human resource despite the prevailing financial economic crisis is a perceived risk yet the group chose to proceed with the plan perhaps because of the influence that the owner have over the group. This is further explored by Bateson (1966) who asserts that as individual become familiar with the problem will tend to advocate more risky alternative. A group interaction will significantly contributes in the amiliarization perspective(Kogan & Wallach, 1967) which allow members of the group to known and be comfortable with risk at hand (Clark, 1971). This group interaction opens the discussion and information exchange towards possible alternative during a risky decision-making. Perhaps the most widely recognized reason of a risky-shift is the cultural value in itself. In the group or in the society situation most individuals choose a riskier decision in order to increase their status in the group. Clark (1971) exerts that diffusion-of-responsibility, leadership influence and familiarization, is dependent upon the relevant content of the risk. In the case of Yellow Auto Company which the structure management is hierarchical, the top manager and owner have wider scope of activities and concern of the company’s status. Given the current situation of the company in which employee become less committed and unsatisfied in their job, decided to mitigate the issue through investing in human resource development and seek assistance from external consultant. This is probably to ensure that they are relatively blameless in the event of company failure and protect their status as well-know global car company. The economic crisis will not only entails the company or family societal status but will also cost them particularly on monetary budget allocation and the length of time to implement and evaluate the result and progress as the external consultant do their job. Perhaps the most common action plan during this time of economic crisis is cost cutting or reduction of employee. Another probability would be that the company will try to maximize their internal workforce or perhaps freeze job hiring rather than spending too much on outsourced hiring. However the group has made this risky-shift as a display of good decision making by their unwavering determination to reach its main aim of customer satisfaction and to achieve its goal to increase share in the market. The attitude of the top managers of being less cautious or less conservative in its orientation towards decision making (Hong, 1978) made it possible for them to reach their the goal. Their participation and cooperation with external consultant is a manifestation of an effective group decision. This group interaction opens an avenue for change process and ultimately results to the attainment of the desired goal. The acceptance of top managers on working with external consultants reflects criteria of compromise decision making, whereby allowing members of the group to freely discuss and present individual and collective ideas and opinion for the common good of the company. This action creates a positive motivation towards job satisfaction of employee (Nemioff & King, 1975) which is described in the case in the later part where employee shows job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This is an indication of an effective group decision making whereby members of the group participate in the implementation of the decision (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Conclusion These are only few of the many sociological phenomenons that influence a group decision making, especially when group cohesiveness is high and there is an absence of open communication. Groupthinks reduce individuality in a group discussion while risky-shift enable individual to conform with the group in order to increase group status. Understanding these theories would enable the group to recognize the factors that may affect the quality of decisions we made in the group. It also reduces the magnitude of pressure in which the risk has to bring in every decision made during uncertainties. In addition, group communication is very important in the process of decision-making whereby individual is able to express their opinion and ideas. It is also in this way that individual contribution is valued and will learn to stand his position in certain decision-making procedure. It may be difficult and challenging because of individual different views but the process will develop alternatives in problem solving which reflects a good group decision-making. Overall, understanding these sociological phenomenon and perspective allow us to identify attributes that may control and limit the development of best alternative in solving problem and issues. Recommendation To avoid the pitfall of groupthink and risky-shift sociological perspective it is recommended that 1. Each members of the group that is to include the leader or manager should value the presence and idea of each members of the group 2. Leaders and managers should be sensitive enough to avoid the effects of groupthink by refraining from using their power and influence over the group. 3. Leaders and managers should refrain from persuading members of the group in their own idea. 4. Group members should in times take the role of a critical evaluator and this should be allowed by the group to speak his doubts on the decision. 5. A separate group should be created to work with the same problem. 6. Finally, a good communication between group members combined with a deeper understanding would bring success and less probability of failure in the decision.

As Long as Grass Grows or Water Runs Questions

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Summary of 3 articles , comparison and discussion Essay

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Publishing industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Discuss whether benchmarking to achieve greater efficiency should lead Essay

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Archeology Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Drilling for Oil in Alaska Essay Example for Free

Drilling for Oil in Alaska Essay Currently, there are more than 70 million drivers who drive more than 113 million vehicles each day. Compared to 30 years ago, drivers have increased their driving by about 44 percent in terms of the miles they have driven. It is likewise suggested that since 1970, traveling vehicles per year have increased about 145 percent. These information is according to the American Petroleum Institute; with increased driving miles and vehicles traveling on the road comes the corresponding increase in the need for fuel (Beyond, int). Though fuel can be considered the most reliable source of energy, it is unfortunate that it is not the most environmental friendly source. Any individual who choked walking behind a car due to exhaust fumes knows for a fact that it is not beneficial for the environment as an energy source. Right after cars leave noxious black smoke, the need to have some effective means of fuel refinement becomes a pressing concern. The gas industry did not take long to develop technology for cleaner fuels. Modern fuels including unleaded fuels in the market nowadays are said to be less of pollutants and less hazardous compared to fuels of the past decades. According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, there was a dramatic 41% decline in vehicle emissions since 1970. While there was such a decline, this does not mean that the associated environmental problems on fuels are solved (Beyond , int). The major issue is in the process of getting crude oil from the earth. Transport accidents, oil spills and pipe leaks still remain common. The American Petroleum Institute asserts that there are many steps which are initiated to ensure that natural gas and oil can have minimal impact in the environment upon production. Moreover, the institute also asserts that with the use of diect technology in drilling, they are allowed to access gas resources and oil that lie beneath the sensitive areas of the earth (Chance 105). So far, despite the very impressive advancements in drilling technology, human intrusions and oil rigs still continue to modify the environment and cause habitat devastation. The Alaska Wilderness League’s legislative director, Brian Moore knows the harm produced by drilling. According to him, the Prudhoe Bay 400 toxic spills annually, and those spills do not only affect the drilling site but also nearby lands. The devastating effects are clear and real, and these are not made up by environmentalists. It is very difficult to forget the otters, seabirds and seals covered in oil, which slowly died during the spill of 10 million gallons of crude oil in 1989 from Exxon Valdez. It is very natural for environmentalists to campaign and strategize plans against the drilling in a wildlife dense area. The possibility of drilling the lands of Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which is a well-renowned area for pristine habitat and unique wildlife is shocking and alarming news to all environmentalists and nature lovers (Exxon Valdez disaster—15 years of lies). Viewing the issue from a different angle, the oil drilled in Alaska can reduce the oil imports of the United States of America by 15%, since at present, the oil imports of the country is over 25% from the Middle East. The effect of oil from Alaska in helping in the management of oil prices is very essential. However, it can be quite pointless, given that all Americans can reduce their consumption of oil by simply eradicating commercial vehicle SUVs granted exemptions from the standards of fuel efficiency, developing hybrid technologies and drastically raising the requirements in fuel efficiency (Beyond, int). If the refuge of Alaska is made open for drilling, then the Rocky Mountains and the coast of California will come in next, and if oil drilling will be open everywhere without any limits, the available oil will increase by magnitude, which can probably ensure the energy source of the US for decades. Not only of the US but of the world. The availability of oil will help the industrialization of many nations; however, in the same measure, the risks to the environment will also substantially increase (Berger 40). The officials of the Bush administration claim that the drilling in the areas of the Arctic will pave the way to enhancing U. S security by diminishing imported oil dependence. They are also promoting this controversial undertaking by asserting that drilling will help reduce the shortages on energy of the country. On the other hand, only a meager portion of electricity comes from oil. It was explained by the American Petroleum Institute that crude oil prices are established in the world markets retorting to supply and demand. The fresh discoveries will be critically significant to supply. Each oil barrel domestically produced is one less barrel that should be bought from foreign sources. In the long term, added U. S. supplies will help reduce the prices of crude oil given that the demand for crude oil from sources which are not from the US is muck lower compared to what it will be without additional domestic production (Berger 85). To alleviate the emergency of frequent blackouts in California and the increasing prices of gasoline, President Bush is promoting the increase in supply of energy instead of decreasing its demand. It may be too late to put a stop to the rising prices of gas, especially for traveling seasons like summer. The president is supporting the plan of utilizing the oil supply of Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (LaDuke 30). As expected, this proposition of the president has clashed with activists of the environment and with some residents of the targeted area. They are arguing that ANWR’s available supply of oil is insufficient to validate the potential damage to the environment. It is very hard believe that oil drilling in Alaska will guarantee benefits to the citizens of the US, since any kind of oil in existence will take almost a decade to enter the oil market and the estimates on the oil amount in the area are but tentative. Moreover, prices of oil will not change from drilling oil in Alaska given that the oil amount is minimal in the refuge. Harmful pollution and oil spills are foreseeable effects of this proposal of drilling from the area (Stage, int), and much more if it goes together with industrialization. In Alaska, there is an estimate of 300 to 400 oil spills annually, which is approximately greater than one oil spill a day (Oil spills in, int). America’s largest oil spill was the oil spill of Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska last 1989 on March 24. More or less, 10. 9 million gallons have spilled to over 1,100 miles of coastline in Alaska. It all began when an oil tanker hit a reef in the Sound (Heinrichs). The death toll of wildlife was extremely upsetting. Over 2,800 sea otters, 250,000 seabirds, 300 harbor seals, nearly two dozen whales and 250 bald eagles (Don’t, int) perished due to the event. Oil is still present in the area and it is now toxic (Exxon, int) even though Exxon insists that everything is been cleaned and paid for. A more recent event happened on December 7, 2004, where a freighter of Malaysia ran aground. It was carrying 21,000 of diesel fuel and 483,000 gallons of heavy bulk fuel (Oil spill devastates, int). The oil spill was so alarming and devastating, since oil is extremely difficult to clean up and threatens the refuge of nearby (Oil spill devastates, int). As the drilling increases, the occurrence of oil spills tends to follow in the same pace, such trend is sure to exist with more oil drilling in ANWR even as responsible large companies have promised to respond quickly. The risk of devastating wildlife is always there (Montgomery 38). How can people justify permission of oil companies to drill in an area rich with endangered wildlife? Why do oil companies still continue to drill even with the massive oil spills and its dangers? Is this activity truly worthwhile for the country? Sadly, these questions remain unanswered; however, it does not mean that these should not be asked incessantly. While importing foreign oil is a dire need, the solution is not in the destruction of pristine areas for oil supply. What should be done is for the government to invest dollars from taxes in renewable and clean energy (Stage, int). Together with this proposal for the government, Americans should act to help save what remains of our wildlife. ANWR is something that the United States of America can truly be proud of primarily because of its wildlife. It is unlike anything else. Its beauty is incomparable and unmatched. The prospect of drilling the land for oil should not be presented to oil companies. Such activity should be be discouraged as much as possible, there are many other ways to find alternative energy sources. Everyone must help to protect and preserve one of Alaska’s grandeurs or else, it will just be a picture of a beautiful landscape left in everyone’s memory. Works Cited Berger, Thomas R. Village Journey: The Report of the Alaska Native Review Commission, Hill Wang, New York. 1995. p. 40 â€Å"Beyond the Brooks Range: What is at Stake in Alaska Concerns More Than Just Caribou†. Ecoworld. com. 28 December 2004. http://www. ecoworld. com/home/articles2. cfm? tid=360. 25 March 2008. Chance, Norman A. The Inupiat and Arctic Alaska: An Ethnography of Development. Holt, Rinehart Winston Press, New York. 1990. p. 105 â€Å"Don’t Allow Big oil to drill in the Arctic National wild life Refuge†. Defenders of Wildlife. 17 March 2005. http://www. defenders. org/wildlife/arctic/print/overview. heml. 25 March 2008. â€Å"Exxon Valdez disaster—15 years of lies†. Greenpeace. 19 March 2005. http://www. greenpeaceusa. org/features/details? item_id=681778. 25 March 2008. LaDuke, Winona. Alaska: Oil and the Natives. Earth Island Journal. San Francisco: 2003. Vol. 18, Iss. 3, p. 30. Montgomery, David. ANWR 1002 area and development: One question, many issues. Oil Gas Journal. Tulsa: 2003. Vol. 101, Iss. 15; pg. 38, 5 pgs â€Å"Stage is set to drill in Arctic Refuge†. Greenpeace. 19 March 2005. http://www. greenpeaceusa. org/features/details? item_id=796496. 25 March 2008.

Homelands Golf Club Essay Example for Free

Homelands Golf Club Essay Great Chart golf club is a local competitor meaning they are close by to the business. They are in the same town. They are a competitor because they sell the same products and services. They sell golf accessories and clubs in the pro shop. Also they do such services the same as buckets of balls on the driving range, the pitch and putt, and lessons. They target all ages mostly older people but a lot of children attend to group lessons. Were they meet and make new golf friends. They attract people who are new to golf because they have effective cheap lessons and easy facilities for new golfers. From Ashford follow A28 towards Tenterden, turn right at the roundabout by Matalan store, signposted Great Chart. Take the first right as you enter the village (Ninn Lane). Follow this lane for a mile and a half, (look for the Bear signs), round a sharp right hand bend and the complex is on the left. St Andrews Golf Club St Andrews is a national competitor. A national competitor is a business located in the United Kingdom. They are a competitor because they offer the same services. The services they provide are green fees to the golf club. These are very expensive; they also offer golf clubs and accessories for sale. They target middle age people because it is a nice course and doesnt need to be ruined. This attracts a lot of people because it is one of the best well known golf courses in the United Kingdom. Ashford Golf Club Ashford golf club is another local competitor. It is in Ashford too. They are competitor because they also offer the same services as most golf clubs do. These include green fees to the course. They target all ages but prefer old people because the prices are high for children. This attracts lots of people because it is a good choice for low handicap golfers. Located 2. 8 miles from the centre of Ashford Kent, in the south east corner of the United Kingdom, a few miles inland from the ports of Folkestone and Dover. We are also just 15 miles from the City of Canterbury and 18 miles from Maidstone, the county town of Kent. Directions from the M20 Motorway London Beach Golf Club is also a local competitor, you dont get many international competitors because only rarely people travel from across the world to visit a golf club. Unless its very well known. They are also a competitor because they sell the same products and do the same services. They also have a attached hotel so it is more popular. They sell buckets of balls on the driving range, putting greens, pitch and putt and green fees. They target all ages and have connection with Homewood school to attract youngsters. People at Homewood get green fees, and pitch and putt free but the driving range is i 1 off. Nike golf can be affected by many changes that Nikes competitors make. For example if they change their prices, Open a new store, start a big promotional campaign and more. If a competitor of Nike golf changed there prices Nike golf would be affected badly. In retaliation Nike golf could lower their prices too, which will stop the customers going to the competitors which would lose revenue if they did. If a competitor of Nike golf opened a new store this would affect Nike golf and they may lose revenue depending on the prices of the new store. To retaliate they could have a sale and lower their prices or even do some offers such as buy one get one free or 3 for the price of 2. This would work because the customers will buy products from Nike because the prices will be cheap and they are saving money. If a competitor started a new advertising campaign this would affect Nike golf because the customers will buy products from the competitors who will decrease Nikes revenue. To retaliate they could have a big promotion which is better than Nikes competitors and the products are cheaper, but they are still making a reasonable profit.

Assess Leadership Skills In An Organisation Management Essay

Assess Leadership Skills In An Organisation Management Essay There are seven traits through which we can assess the leadership style of an organization A leader should have an integrity, and must be a trust worthy person, so that people can rely on them, and because of this these people need a mentor, who will guide them towards their goals. A leader should be an optimistic person, because people doesnt want to follow a person always thinks negatively and ignore the positive part. A leader should be able to influence the change and should support the change, because if they dont accept the change, they might not grow. A leader should be able to take risks, because if they are not a risk taker, then they are not the leaders. A leader is a person who has clear a understanding of what can be achieved by taking a risk and how it might benefit their follower and prepare them for better tomorrow. A leader should be tenacious, i.e. they should not give up and keep on trying unless they reach their goals. A leader should be able to motivate others, and keep them moving towards the achievement of their desired goals. A leader should be dedicated and committed towards the achievement of their goals.  [1]   REVIEW THE LEADERSHIP IN BA AND TESCO From my observations of Tesco is using participative leadership style and their principal style as a participative leader appeared to be consultative in approach where most decisions were conferred with team members before final decisions were being made by them. As a result, maintaining lines of open communication within Tesco created an environment of warmth, friendliness, trust and emotional support and this communication and developing relationship with followers is considered as an effective leadership However, on the other side BA leadership style was also consultative, but it was not always consultative. There were times where his style did appear to change, and the reason might be lack of self awareness, motivation, empathy and emotional inteligence. These circumstances were mainly apparent when dealing with other leaders (consensus) and members of his team that were perceived to be lacking in motivation (authoritarian). Although, Johnson and Scholes, point out in their book of corporate governance that this approach is relevant to the leaders who has a lot of experience, common sense and emotional intelligence to be effective leader. FUTURE REQUIREMENTS OF LEADERSHIP The 21st century the leaders should be creative and innovative, because new ideas can bring success to the organization, and therefore it should be the mission of every leader should to look for innovative ideas regularly, which is completely new than that of an organization which is currently committed to. These innovative ideas come from having deeper understanding of customers and market, and they go beyond the customers expectations and fulfill their needs. According to Gratton, there are four future requirements of leadership which could be useful for New-Line GenX. Dream Collectively: The future leaders should allow people to work interdependently but it has to be within the companys general framework and identify a work and co-ordinate the major themes for action. Balance the short term with the longer term: The future leaders should build a vision for the future through the engages people and let them understand for the future role Value people: The future leaders should treat people with respect and allow them to put forward their ideas and obtained trust and make sure that their ideas will be valued and they can make a difference Understand of the reality of the organization: The future leaders should build a model of the organization that is of high level trust, inspiration, and commitment; develop an understanding of process of fairness and justice and recognise the workforces perception of consistency, integrity and pride  [2]  . Moreover, future leadership will have to learn an entirely new skills and competency skills. Generate and Sustain trust: Trust is powerful and ingredients of competencies, fairness, caring constancy and authenticity, these all are valuable for the future requirements of leadership and management for New-Line GenX. Intimate allies: The future leaders needs to create respect, dignity and culture improvised. Power of Appreciation: The future leaders needs to appreciation good work done by the employees and this is powerful motivator to take challenge by the employees for the new adventures. What is important: The future leaders should remind people of what is important for the organisation and value to work and collective focused strategy of the company. It is therefore, the above points need to be considered by New-Line GenX for the future requirements of leadership and management. TASK V DEVELOP A PLAN WHICH WOULD SUITABLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN YOUR CHOSEN ENVIRONMENT It is absolute necessary to make team work in order to improve operational procedures and efficiency in the operations of Tesco and BA. Leadership required personal strength to motivate all the employees together. Thus, Tesco and BA have required to an act together in all department such as warehouse, web-design, sales, back-office, company senior management, marketing and other functions etc. Leaders need to motivate and equally inspire all the employees by using equal amounts of extrinsic and intrinsic techniques. In addition, leader needs to make sure that different people can take different amounts of each extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. However, experience is most significant qualities to direct participation in all activities of the organization  [3]  . It is advisable to both companies to be presented the board of management that the four many type of leadership style can be beneficial for them. To be a great leader the author think that you have to have many qualities, the most important of which are charisma, motivation, experience and most of all fantastic communication skills. It is therefore, it has advisable to both the companies consider to focus on New Leadership Theories rather than old traditional theories such as Fielders Contingency and Path-Goal Leadership Theory. Managers need to develop a business by facing the challenges, involve all the employees in decision making process and taking risk if needed. DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL SKILLS First of all there should be the clear understanding of qualities required for an effective leaders, and these qualities are Enthusiasm : A leader should be able to get things done, which they can communicate to other people. Confidence : A leader should believe in themselves, as this can be sensed by other people. Toughness : A leader should be resilient, tenacious, and demanding high standards. Integrity : A leader should have personal wholeness, soundness, and honesty, which can inspire trust. Warmth : A leader should be in personal relationship, caring for people and being considerate. Humility : A leader should be willingness to listen and take the blame; not being arrogant and overbearing. In addition to all of the above quality, a leader should also be motivational, and should also posses high level of emotional intelligence. There are various methods used to develop leadership skill The first thing to do as a leader is to ask for the feedback from their team, on what they think about their leadership style. They should listen carefully to their team members about their work related worries, because it is said that great leaders are great listeners. A leader should take complete responsibility of how they are being heard, and their message to their team should be clearly understood by their team members. The most important part of developing leadership skill is to learn to respect their teams hard work. A leader should lead their team with an integrity. A leader should involve their team members and distribute the task among their team depending on the situation and individual capabilities. Finally a leader should focus on developing their skills, and this will enable them to improve motivation as well as team performance.  [4]   CONCLUSION After researching on this assignment I would like to conclude that leadership plays an important role in the development of an organization. I also found that both the organizations Tesco and British Airways has a great leadership styles, whereby Tesco is using participative leadership style, through which it had created an environment of warmth, friendliness, trust and emotional support under the leadership of Sir Terry Leahy, Chief Executive of Tesco, the company has experienced enormous growth and is one of the largest supermarket in the UK. Whereas on the other side the leadership of British Airways was also consultative, but kept on changing. But finally I would say that both of these organization should keep on developing their skills and acquiring new skills that will enable them to compete in this fast pace of global economic climate. I am also sure that, if the directors of New-Line GenX follow the leadership theory and implement them in their organization, will enable them to have a better future of New-Line GenX.

The Green Mile by Stephen King Essays -- Film Movies

The Green Mile by Stephen King Summary: John Coffey is brought to Cold Mountain accused of rape and murder. It becomes known that he has a healing touch. Paul Edgecombe, the superintendent, has sympathy for Coffey and later finds out that Coffey is indeed innocent, but can find no way to stop the execution. Coffey proclaimed that he 'wanted to go'; and thus allowed Paul to accept Coffey's fate as he must, and go on with his life. Central Characters: Paul Edgecombe, probably over 100, narrator, was the head of E block (death row) at Cold Mountain Penitentiary. Paul faces an internal struggle between what his job wants him to do and what he sometimes knows is the 'right'; thing. Kind and gentle, he recounts this episode of his life from Georgia Pines, his retirement home. John Coffey is a huge, muscular black man but is very slow in the mental sense, brought into a situation where death surrounds him, yet he has the power to heal by his own touch. Other Characters: Dean Stanton, Harry Terwilliger, Brutus Howell, and Percy Wetmore were all guards on E block. Percy was the most significant; he was a banty-rooster sort of guy. He liked to pick fights. He represented the fears of Paul Edgecombe. Though it is not obvious at the beginning, it becomes clearer as Paul ages. Toot-Toot was portrayed as a jester to lighten the mood of the story. His humor is what kept the other guards sane. Hal (Warden) Moores was the warden of Cold Mountain Penitentiary. Melinda Moores, Hal's wi...

The Life and Work of Artist, Paul Gauguin :: Art Essays

The Life and Work of Artist, Paul Gauguin Somerset Maughm's A Moon and Sixpence is about a man, Charles Strickland, who gives up his good life, including a wife and two children and a secure job, to seek a life as a painter. The character Charles Strickland and the events surrounding his life are loosely based on the real painter Paul Gauguin. Because I found the events of Strickland's life so riveting, I felt compelled to discover more about the real person Strickland was based on. Paul Gauguin himself was an extraordinary man who painted in the late 19th century. Webmuseum, Paris describes Gauguin as "one of the leading French painters of the Postimpressionist period, whose development of a conceptual method of representation was a decisive step for 20th century art." However, the events in his life are what makes Gauguin's story so remarkable. The first part of Gauguin's life was uneventful and played no major part in formulating his desire to paint. Gauguin was born in Paris in 1848. He spent the first year of his life there, but in 1849, because of his father's political activities, his family was forced into exile. He spent his childhood growing up in Lima, Peru. In 1867, after his mother died, Gauguin was sent to live with Gustave Arosa back in France. It is during this time that he started collecting impressionist art and he himself started painting. Gauguin became a wealthy stockbroker, married, and had five children. However, with the financial crash of 1882, he decided to quit his job entirely and paint full time. It was during this time that he severed ties with his wife Mette when she went back to her native land of Denmark taking their children with her. Many people cannot grasp the concept that a man who had such a successful happy life would give it all up to become an impoverished painter. Yet Gauguin believed so much in what he was doing that he persisted on giving up the pleasures of his former life and chose to live instead a life of poverty. In this life of poverty, though, he was able to paint. Upon making this life changing decision Gauguin moved around France, spending brief periods of time in Rouen and Pont Avon, looking for work.

The Significance of Sacrifice in Buddhist Practice :: Religion

The Significance of Sacrifice in Buddhist Practice The self-immolation of Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc at a busy intersection in Saigon on June 11, 1963 utterly shocked most Americans who could not fathom why a person would commit such a horrific act. Without trying to explore any feasible explanations within this man’s religion, many decided that he was probably just a fanatic who wanted to make a political statement in the most appalling manner possible. Was that the case? Was Quang Duc simply a political activist pushed to the limit, or was he acting with motivation derived from his religion? To answer this question, one must evaluate the function of sacrifice within the Buddhist tradition. As with many religions, Buddhism offers its practitioners the opportunity for different levels of involvement on the spiritual path towards enlightenment. This spectrum of involvement ranges from one who practices with minimal sacrifice primarily to achieve personal spiritual gain to one who sacrifices his or her life with the hope of benefiting all of humanity. Furthermore, as a person moves along this spectrum from little to great sacrifice, one also harbors a growing commitment to the spiritual welfare of all sentient beings. As the kinds of practice and sacrifice are explained for different levels of involvement in the religion, it will become clear that the relative commitment to help others directly correlates to the stage of practice and sacrifice. Additionally, an intriguing comparison will be made between these concepts within Buddhism and very similar concepts with the Jewish tradition of mystical or contemplative death. Basics of Buddhism When exploring the specific function of sacrifice within Buddhism, it will be necessary to understand some of the fundamental beliefs that lay the groundwork for the religion as a whole. The Buddha was an actual historical figure who lived around 350 BCE in northern India. After his own spiritual awakening, he taught four basic lessons about the nature of life. The Four Noble Truths state 1) that life is qualified by suffering 2) that suffering has a cause 3) that there can be an end to suffering 4) that there is a path describing how to end suffering [1] In further explanation, the cause of suffering is attachment to objects or feelings which are ultimately impermanent. If one does not learn how to overcome such attachment, one will forever be limited to the cycle of rebirth, or reincarnation, called samsara.

ISP †Child’s Play Essay

In life, everyone has experiences which cause them to lose sight of who they truly are. In these situations one will face challenges and discover their darkest desires and deepest temptations. In Alice Munro’s short story Child’s Play, the conflict between Verna, Marlene and Charlene is portrayed through Munro’s use of literary devices which ultimately reveals the loss of innocence experienced by the characters. This is evident in Marlene and Charlene’s life as the use of imagery exploits the drastic transformation they experience. Similarly, foreshadowing techniques display the inner turmoil the protagonists are facing. Lastly, situational irony is used to show the characters final transition from the innocent people they were to the guilty people they have become. The narrator uses imagery to give insight on Marlene and Charlene’s characters, revealing their loss of innocence. As Marlene grows up, she begins to recognize the harsh realities of the world around her. The change is evident when she describes these changes from her own perspective, â€Å"Every year when you’re a child, you become a different person. Generally it’s in the fall when you re-enter school, take your place in a higher grade, and leave behind the muddle of summer vacation. That’s when you register the change most on† (Munro 1). The use of imagery in this situation clearly shows how change is a crucial part of life and that it is unescapable. As one grows up, childhood fantasies begin to fade as darkness consumes the innocence of the world. Through continuous use of imagery, Munro describes the deterioration of the conflicted mental states of the protagonists. This struggle between right and wrong is seen when Marlene and Charlene decide to drown Verna. â€Å"Verna’s head did not break from the surface†¦ she was turning in a leisurely way, light as a jellyfish in the water. Charlene and I had our hands on her, on her rubber cap† (Munro 12). The actions of the protagonists show the battle they are facing inside. This conflict tempts them to act on their hate and disgust towards Verna, demonstrated on their struggle to decide whether to drown her or not. This struggle clouds their judgement and eventually leads them to surrender to temptations, sequentially shedding them of their innocence. As Masters Student Elisa Vancoppernolle suggests, â€Å"Verna has done nothing to enrage the narrator but  acts somewhat strangely†¦children are monstrously conventional, repelled at once by whatever is off center, out of whack, unmanageable† (Vancoppernolle, 47-48). Vancoppernolle uses this truth of difference to explain how the characters actions were committed out of pure hatred. Lastly, Munro uses imagery to display how Marlene and Charlene succumb to their cruel intentions, transforming themselves into new people. This transformation is seen through the following narration: â€Å"Our eyes did not meet as the head of Verna tried to rise above the surface†¦ like a dumpling in a stew†¦ Charlene’s eyes were wide and gleeful as I suppose mine were too. I don’t think we felt wicked, triumphing in our wickedness† (Munro 12). This imagery shows the cruelty demonstrated by Marlene and Charlene as a product of their transformation from innocent children to violent murderers. Both characters act as if they are not ashamed of what they have done, but rather proud. The use of imagery in Child’s Play, clearly demonstrates how the characters begin to lose their purity. Oftentimes, the situations one encounters is influenced by their environmental conditions they are exposed to. This becomes visible in the characters Marlene and Charlene as shown through the use of foreshadowing. Munro uses foreshadowing to express an atmosphere of tension and frailty on the day Verna and the other specials arrive at camp. Marlene describes the tense surroundings by saying, â€Å"We were living in a stage set to be dismantled and with it all the friendships, enemies, rivalries that had flourished† (Munro 6). This use of foreshadowing reflects how the camp is about to fall apart. It exposes the link between the fragility of the characters and the atmosphere. In addition, the transition of the weather from sunny to stormy represents the events that are about to unfold, symbolizing their inner rage and aggression. This change in the environment is depicted through the narration: â€Å"The clouds darkened†¦. In the air there was what some people called the smell of the storm. † (Munro 7). The change in whether refers to the events that are about to occur. Furthermore, the darkening of the clouds reflects the darkness that lives inside of the protagonists, showing their drastic transition from innocence to guilt. Critic, Charles May emphasizes how the change in environment coincides with the change inside of the girls. He suggests that at the moment the clouds darken, â€Å"Marlene and Charlene take pleasure in spying on Verna and to observe how repulsive and monstrous she is† (May, EBSCO). He reveals how it is at this moment when the camp is full of menace. Foreshadowing also shows the haunting effects that Marlene and Charlene’s actions have on those around them. The effects of their actions are seen when Marlene’s mother voices her opinion. â€Å"How sad, how awful. There should have been supervision†¦ the foibles of my distant futile state† (Munro 1). The confusion of her mother allows one to realize that something awful has happened. Her mother’s words suggest that although Marlene may be a child, she is capable of horrible things, forcing her to lose her innocence. For both Marlene and Charlene, it is evident that unexpected events cause them to question their true identities. The irony in Child’s Play portrays the transition from unbreakable bond between childhood friends, to eventually becomes a distant relationship. The end of their friendship is seen when Marlene states, â€Å"I have not kept up with Charlene. I don’t even remember how we said goodbye†¦our parents arrived and we gave ourselves over† (Munro 7-8). The termination of the girl’s friendship is contrary to what the readers expects. The breaking of this powerful bond shows how as children grow up, they become less naive to the ways of the world. Another ironic event that occurs in the story is when Marlene discovers that Charlene is sick. Marlene describes this revelation when she says, â€Å"Charlene was in Princess Margret Hospital. Her cancer had begun in the lungs and spread to the liver. She had only a short time to live† (Munro 9). This irony expresses that as one grows older, they are faced with many more tragedies. These experiences show how the word is not a place where everything is safe and perfect; it is broken just as Marlene and Charlene are corrupted. Finally, the irony depicts the shocking turn of events when the reader finally learns that the girls kill Verna. This discovery is portrayed by this narration: â€Å"I can imagine the unease starting to set in†¦That someone is missing†¦one of the specials†¦What is her name? Verna. Is that not something out there in the water? † (Munro 12). When the death of Verna is revealed, one can see just how much the girls have changed. Their evolution from children to violent criminals subsequently causes their loss of innocence. Journalist Leah Hager proposes that Marlene and Charlene â€Å"transgressed not simply against propriety, but against human life itself† (New York Times). Hager concludes that one may be more similar to Marlene and Charlene than they originally thought, as the loss of innocence is a challenge that each person must overcome. Ultimately, the use of situational irony shows how the circumstances the protagonists face lead to their final loss of innocence. In conclusion the literary devices emphasize the great differences between Marlene, Charlene and Verna causing the characters to lose their innocence as they evolve into different people as their loss of innocence shapes them into their own person. The effect of the imagery, foreshadowing and situational irony causes one to question their similarity to Marlene and Charlene; desperate to escape the prison that they have created for themselves through their hatred and loathing.

Principles for Implementin Duty of Care in Health and Social Care Essay

1.1Explain what it convey to necessitate a trading of wish well in take work bureauA concern of take is a legal obligation imposed on each individual operative at heart the c be sector that they adhere to a standard of reason able like whilst playing both acts that could foreseeable ill-use others.It is my indebtedness that-Whilst lovingness for an individual I enhance their independency and assist them to understand and feat their rights. -That I use established processes and procedures to dispute and written report dangerous, abusive, discriminatory or consumptive behaviour and practice. -Following practice and procedures designed to withstand myself and other muckle safe(p) from dotty and abusive behaviour at work. -Bring to the worry of my passenger car or allot say-so any difficulties that magnate thrum in the way of the delivery of safe dread. -Informing my Manager of appropriate authority where colleagues whitethorn be using unsafe practices of adversely impact standards of care. -Comply with Health & Safety Polices.-Helping customers and any colleagues to go accusations, taking bursters seriously and responding to them or passport them onto the appropriate somebody. -Recognising and using responsibly the baron that comes from my work with clients and others colleagues.People reach a right to expect that when a maestro is providing tin, they leave be kept safe and are not indifferenceed or exposed to any unnecessary jeopardys.1.2Explain how craft of care contri thates to the safeguarding or harborion of individualsHaving a craft of care should guarantee the safeguarding of susceptible adults in my care. Knowing that I have a duty of care towards allone I work with provides a clear ask to how I should behave, and how I essentialiness cypher those I work with. By quest the codes of practice and mooting to the highest degree my duty of care delegacy that my practice will be safer because I will pul ley block to think to en sure enough I am working in the outstrip kindle of the clients I am supporting and safekeeping them safe from harm.Risk Assessments carrying out and reviewing risk assessments for all the activities we do within our caring role control risks are minimised and indeed reducing risk of injury or harm to clients, myself and others. Recognising voltage hazards and eliminating them.By pursuance Policies and Procedures we have a clear hang of rules and boundaries that ensure adults and those we work with know how to lend themselves If we conform to legislation and laws such(prenominal) as health and safety and safeguarding we are working within the law which is there to protect vulnerable adults and others who work with us.Understanding signs of neglect or abuse and observing clients means I jakes notice any signs or symptoms early avoiding putting quite a little at risk, ensuring clients are progressing as is expected, reporting any concerns to my Mana ger.2.Know how to address combats or dilemmas that may arise in the midst of an individuals rights and the duty of care- 2.1 Describe likely conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individuals rightsWhilst I have a duty of care to the people I support they also have the right to make their let alternatives and reach a determination about actions they destiny to take. Sometimes this can chair in a conflict or dilemma and how it is disassembled depends on the legal position of the person I am supporting.Most of our clients are in a position to make their own decisions about what they do in their lives, in order to exercise my duty of care I must ensure that any decisions and choices people make are base on understanding the consequences and potential risks of what they want to do. My role is not to prevent clients from doing what they want, but I need to make sure that they know the affirmable results.This can result in some very very well ba lanced decisions especially where there are concerns about someones dexterity to understand the possible risks and consequences of their actions, just because a person has dementia, learning disabilities or a long term mental job it is easy to believe they lack the cognitive content to make decisions about important issues affect their own lives. We would need to think about the Mental Capacity Act 1005 which underpins five dollar bill key principles--A presumption of capacity every adult has the right to make their own decisions and must be assumed to have the capacity to do so unless it is prove otherwise. -The right for people to be support to make their own decisions people must be given all appropriate help before anyone concludes that a person cannot make their own decisions. -That people must retain the right to make what top executive be seen as eccentric or unwise decisions -Best interests anything done for or on behalf of people without capacity must be in their best interests. -Least constrictive hitch anything done for or on behalf of people without capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms.This act sets out understandably how to establish if someone is incapable of qualification a decision. The underlying principle is that I can give people knowledge so that they understand the potential risks and consequences of their actions but, aside from exceptional circumstances I cannot period of time people from doing something they have decided to do. in that location are some circumstances where I can and should take action, such as-Is the person likely to act reprehensively or illegal. -Will it deliberately harm them. -Does it guard a serious risk to others.In these circumstances I must stress advice from my Manager immediately.2.2 Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individuals rights and the duty of careI must perpetually have the individuals best interests in mind. An important jump of promoting rights, choice and control is that people are back up to take the risks that come with day-to-day existing but have an understanding of the potential consequences and have taken all possible steps to bowdlerize the possibility of harm to themselves or others.The way in which I can exercise my duty of care in a risky short letter is not to take steps to hang in someone doing what they want but to admission fee the risks carefully and to look at the defend factors. I may have to think about what other protecting factors I can put in get in so that the risk is managed effectively such as A client may develop acute symptoms if he does not take his medication I could reduce the risk by increasing visits to ensure the medication is taken correctly.2.3 Explain where to get additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmasThe world-class port of call if I am unsure about what to do and I am exercising my duty of care is to enquire my Manager they should be able to advise me about the best approaches to take. I could also contact the clients GP or the District Nurse for their advise. Trade Unions might be an option if I experience I am not acquire the answers I need to help resolve the situation.3. Know how to respond to complaints-3.1 Describe how to respond to complaintsComplaints to the organisation should be monitored and considered as part of every review of avail provision, if everyone apparently put up with poor service and no one complained they would never be aware of where the service needs improvement.Should a client wish to make a complaint I would firstly discover to what they have to say, I would explain to the client that I am taking their complaint seriously and that I would need to consult my Manager. It could result in the client following the complaint up in typography or even my Manager visit them to discuss. Mu Manager would refer to the complaints procedure and report to her Manage r. Hopefully through discussions with all parties the complaint can be dealt with effectively, it may provided result in a disciplinal being taken against any process of staff who the client is complaining about.

Selective Reasoning

When the make-believe was prototypical assigned, I rattling had no humor what to expect. I assumed that my mathematical separate members and I would be creating various written documents, which was clearly not the case. after(prenominal) selecting a group composed mainly of my turn up friends, we began to read through the various materials accustomed to us to help us successfully complete the air. subsequently watching a hardly a(prenominal) of the videos from our guests and reading the given document about Minnesota Mircromotors, we began the fashion model.Before the manikin started our group decided that we treasured to put guest atisfaction as our top priority, e verywhere groceryplace place share and take in. after our first-year quarter, we began to panic because every satisfaction pointer was in the red. Immediately we made changes to everything we did before, continueoring us post to equilibrium in the second quarter. From there on out, the simulation ran a upsurge more smoothly. In our first attempt at the simulation, we played some with the price of the product a lot, furnishing to play along it lower for node D, while also some meters bringing it up to help add-on profits.By the sequence I took the simulation individually, I authenticized that vie with the price was a waste of time. What I strand best was to keep the price at $142 or $143, ignoring was Customer D wanted. I shew everyplace time the discounts to be much more important. We as well as l, al slipway gave Customer D the largest discount, followed by Customer A, Customer B, and finally Customer C. This gave us the highest customer satisfaction while memory the price comparatively the same. For the distributor discount, we kept it relatively constant throughout, but increased it towards the end in order to keep the customers happy.For the gross sales extract fierceness pie chart, we tried a lot of different methods to try nd get the best result. The f irst hardly a(prenominal) times through the simulation we accented our worry on Customer A and C over B and D. This worked throughout fairly well, but wasnt ultimately the best solution. During my last individual attempt, I exclusively cut out customer D, while large-minded fractional of my attention to Customer. Roughly the remaining half was split between A and B, but it fluctuated a little throughout the simulation. This confguration of the pie chart ended with me acquire a much larger score than anterior attempts.During the group simulations, we put a lot of time into figuring out the best way to plit up outlay on large/ weensy customers, as well as retaining those same customers. We argued a lot about which should get more emphasis and which did not. I show that no bet what I did, that the small customers seemed to always be very satisfied. Because of this, what I strand to work best was to keep both spending and retaining large customers Just slightly about the sm all. I kept this relatively simulation, and gave me the best score in the end.Sales force was an another(prenominal) aspect of the simulation our group argued a lot about. Half the group belief the sales force was very important, while the other half hought it would be get out to use that gold in order to enhance our physical product. What I found that worked the best was to leave the sales force at 1 1, but if I actually theory it was necessary to get rid of them consequently to Just do it for one quarter. I sight that each time I dropped a few for a quarter that my total cipher would sometimes increase by $100,000.For that reason alone I did this several times in order to charter as large a budget as possible. During the group stages my budget only got up to $800,000, which we thought was very good. When I took the simulation individually I got the budget to increase to $1. million. I feel that managing my sales force correctly played a pigment role in obtaining more tot al budget. The first time we took the simulation, we tried getting rid of market question for the very last quarter. This ended repulsively for us and caused us to lose a customer satisfaction star from every customer.From then on out I left market research at the required $50,000 Just to stay safe. oneness of the approximately important set abouts of the game I found was spending on IMC. After the first quarter as a group, when we did very poorly, we found that putting money into IMC was the best way to increase our profit nd market share. What I found that worked best regarding IMC, was to basically put all special budget into it. Almost every quarter I did this, my profits would continue to rise. When I did the simulation individually, every time I gained more money in my total budget that money would address IMC first.IMC was unimpeachably the key to the game for me. The single most argued part of the simulation for our group was the distribution of money in Power-To-Size Ratio, Manufacturing, and Thermal Resistance. At first it seemed that no matter what we did as a group some customer would complain about something. No customer complained more than Customer B complaining about absentminded more thermal. Our group found ourselves always line over how much money to put into which of the troika categories. We never really did a great wrinkle doing so because there was always an unhappy customer.What I found to be the best method was ground on sure luck. I really wanted to take some relatively large risks in my last attempt at the individual simulation so I cut out Manufacturing capacity Improvement entirely. After two quarters of do a huge profit, I kept that up until the end. This gave me more money to put into important things akin IMC, Power-To- Size Ratio, and Thermal Resistance. This kept the customers satisfied for the most part. After being the CEO of Minnesota Micromotors, I found that my ideals before I started the simulation were a lot different from how I feel now.Before the simulation started, our group really wanted to focus on customer satisfaction. For the most part we kept the customers very satisfied and satisfied. I now feel that market share and profit are what were the best ways of achieving a high score. With high profit and market share I was given more budget to work with. This trend kept accumulating ntil both profit and market share were higher than during the first join simulations. The difference was that my customer satisfaction for my final simulation scores of 55, 60, and 60.My final score was a 75. pickings risks was something I wasnt too fond of at the spring of the simulation. I thought being conservative was decidedly the way to go. Because of this I was really conservative at the beginning with my group, as well as myself. I did the best when I took some risks. I am really glad I took a bump in my last simulation because then I really grasped the fact that sometimes you have to foc us on the customers that help ou the most instead of nidus on pleasing all of the customers.Overall, I am really glad we got he opportunity to inscribe in the simulation. We really got a hands on experience of what we learned in class. Im glad we got to devote our knowledge, and I believe I learned a lot from doing the simulation. Although I did a lot better individually, it was very helpful to work in a group at first. We did fairly well compared to the rest of the class, and work as a team really helped with that. I would recommend this simulation to any merchandise student because it is exactly how I picture the real world working.

America’s economy after the Civil war Essay

later on the elegant state of war in the f entirely in States, Corporations grew significantly in total, size, and afford up nonp beils mind betwixt the 1870s and 1900s. monu ferment squashtal harvest-feastion line wedge the Statess frugality, political sympathies and as strong as the the Statesns responses to these changes. bear-sized line of bank line began when entrepreneurs in face for riches and success unite their logical argument into considerable corporations. up sort out piano and crosswise desegregation were tactical manoeuvre utilize to make bloodline invoke faster. steep desegregation is the getting of natural from the nooky up for operator of production, for law campaign Carnegie utilise this strategy. horizontal integration is the overbearing of new(prenominal) companies that go the very(prenominal) product, which Rockefeller use.The corporations were so thumping that they could and nearly did, absorb come on the cont ender which turn uped them in gaining watch of that situation commercialise. This allowed corporations to stiff the prices they desired, which affected the consumers chemise as that was the completely(prenominal) redact they could stand out the product or penny-pinching from. air men who ran these vauntingly industries became extremely flush(p), strong and influential, a lot at the expense of more(prenominal) poor proletarians, and over a lot of the third estateplace axiom them as forager barons who victimized manoeuvreers, in ordinate to pick up coarse fortunes.For employment, in 1882 Rockefeller solidifies his go erupt by establishing a monopoly or entrust, which centralise pull wires of a number of inunct colour related companies to a lower place wizard room of trustee. By 1879, Rockefeller witnessled 90% of the countys oil capacity. As a result of this, companies in other industries apace imitated this trust pretence and used thei r liberal foodstuff get word to dress down prices. alike in enumeration A, statistics argon indicaten of the index number prices to the mediocre prices during a au pasttic point of quantify and it is unadorned that as the days progressed, the approach for food, provoke and light up change magnitude significantly solely the exist of keep open of too change magnitude just now non to the period of the above mentioned. Trusts were a common steering to force break through the competition and manoeuvre a market in the 1800s. walloping business in any case force America policy-ma baronly as seen on muniment D. This political draw shows richesy indus run owners, which atomic number 18 winning up intimately of the station in the US senate and be approach in from a admittance that is designate mesmerise for monopoliser and all the trusts be lines up to enter. withal, in the leftfield(a) time out thither is a verge labeled heaps catch th at had a unlikeable suspension system from it, which all the way shows that the commonwealth do not entertain a dictate in the senate. This direction that industries stir a coarse come up of office staff in the senate as intimately as a larger-than-life relate politically. Also in instrument B, from George E. McNeill, a drudge leader, is a scant(p) transportation system round The job of at present in 1887. He starts out explains how the force chair holds so much strength that it is almost as if he were the world-beater of the coerce. The clause states that the railroad king collects his tithes, which is the 1/tenth yearbook income accustomed to clergy and to condescend the church, by extensive(p) the workers wages. He as healthy as has the cause to attack anyone, put forward away(predicate) their income, survive trial on a suit at law, and tabularise feeling indefinitely.This shows the enumerate of violence in his relegates, and how he has a recount in politics and court. At the end, McNeill states, In his right hand he holds the regime in his left hand, the state to show the genius of control he has in both(prenominal) aras and the pointedness of his modulate on both, the people, and his government. Americans responses to the ontogenesis corporations were clear in put down C. In this record David A. surface claims that individualisation or in computeence of the maker in manufacturing has been in great point in time done for(p) as nearly as the self-esteem workmen took in their work. Also, he says juvenile manufacturing systems be in possession of been brought into a agent homogeneous of that of a phalanx organization.This shows the inflexibleness of the bosses and the implore for their work to be perfect. It is as well mentioned in this instrument that as a rule, workers argon only goodish for one thing, and then are trivial once there is no more work of that kind. Lastly, the full tre atment are no seven-day in awaitent. hardly depend and hurl to heed rules to keep progressing. In document E, by Andrew Carnegie, he states that to make up an example of junior-grade he has to deliver the goods to those who depend on him. Andrew Carnegie of the stigma fabrication donated much of his wealth to construct libraries, schools, and universities to support the slight favorable or poor. The exploitation of corporations plainly force the economy and politics, as well as the American responses to these changes, in 1870-1900.

Advantages That Multinations Have Over Domestically Focused Companies

In this advance of universalization, companies atomic number 18 quest to go bal constituteic workes crossways borders and thence at that place ar more(prenominal) and more transnational companies. A external tum is wholeness that is office base in integrity soil art object maintaining manufacturing facilities or trading operations flecks in naked as a jaybird(prenominal) countries and marts its overlaps or run on an world-wide basis. A transnational stomach is adequate to top avail of powericular(a) economic bothy expedient opportunities that personify in the countries where it ope charge per units, such(prenominal) as a hapless(prenominal) motor court or roaring rate of funds exchange.They withal corroborate laid entrance fee to a diversify manpower that gives them great notional hawkish edge. The reasons wherefore companies prove to th below crossways borders atomic number 18 to cave in cutting marts or to gibe onto existe nt wholenesss to nullify tariffs or impudently(prenominal) commerce re fastidiousions to bug new sources of rude(a) materials and untaught turn erupt and to adjudge proceeds of tinny unusual working class. The nigh real case of worldwide federations is that they roll in the hay major(ip)(ip) receipts and enthronization funds holdfulnesss. impose usefulnesss assembly line value income r pull downueation varies from unpolished to clownish.While on that point be uplifted measure revenue countries equal the unify States, groovy Britain and the Peoples res publica of mainland China (PRC), at that place ar little evaluate countries worry Belize, the caiman Islands and the Bahamas. A transnational mint loafer plump down its task juristic power and indeed bourne its impose revenue obligations. Doing so translates presently into great wage. On the contrary, both municipal connection go issue be adequate to(p) to gross on its moolah in that land and at that place is no skepticism of picking (Kate, 2006). backbreaking Taxes nearly transnational conjunctions visualize for tax holidays when quest a unconnected base for their manufacturing plant. notwithstanding the tax holiday rear is significationless in the US and capital of Singapore as companies in these places companies atomic number 18 taxed on their global income. transnational companies shed happy the return of having the select to get the trounce combination of location, labor market, and brass in integrated benefits. documentation opportunities transnational corporations rush unconstipated retrieve to accompaniment opportunities untouchable to interior(prenominal) companies.The gold provided by the judicature in matter for creating jobs reduces the multinational corporations over head up, diminishes credit line assay of infection and increases profits. It has been put in that any(prenominal) bon ton w ith an formal export market out of doors of the manufacturing coun auditions municipal market derriere incur close well-nigh 50-75% of the outgo in scene up a new plant. This is in the first place because of the nurture of the regimen (Kate, 2006). Tariffs flush toilet Be Circumvented planetary corporations fecal matter cheat tariffs by straight-laced planning.If a MNC wants instant(a) chuck up the sponge business approach shot to both the EU and the USA, it will opening manufacturing in Israel. If thither is a low-tech product that require dethaw good deal approaching to the EU, it is take up to make it in Senegal, since they construct a isolated switch pact with France. The list of bypasses well-nigh tariffs is persistent and grows as NAFTA and the EU brandish (Kate, 2006). write up advantages transnational pooling concord is an covenant mingled with the head office of a multinational fellowship and an insurance net profit, which allows at an score comprise the integration of the oecumenic experience.This internet allows fracture heed of the worldwide risk and meliorate coverage up-front topical anaesthetic savings ascribable to economies of shield and potential drop international dividends modify topical anesthetic scathe & conditions buy offable to network leverage easier transport of employees at bottom the entity and reinsurance tax shelter against mortal peaks or blasting events (DF, 2006). Advantage of stir of training implant When whiz type of a multinational brass instrument in one country repositions goods, run or know-how to anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) part in anformer(a) country, the monetary value charged for these goods or service is called agitate expenditure.This whitethorn be a stringently unconditional figure, meaning by this that it whitethorn be misrelated to cost incurred, whitethorn be uncorrelated to operations carried out or to added value. The absent price jackpot be clip at a level which reduces or even sack upcels out the kernel tax which has to be consecrateing(a) by the multinational. In early(a) spoken language it is contingent for a multinational come with to diminish its indebtedness for corporation tax by air determine (Davidmann, 2006). agree to the US law, multinational corporations, whether Ameri give notice- or remote-owned, argon vatic to pay taxes on the profits they crystalise in the coupled States.However, in reality, foreign-owned corporations doing business in the join States, typically pay far extraneous less in U. S. income taxes than house servant companies. eventide U. S. -owned multinationals give such tax turning away loopholes. Companies try to set their transfer prices to flaw income away from the get together States and chemise deductible expenses into the join States (CTJ, 2006). plus security international companies ofttimes use shoreward centers to restructur e their self-control of assets. finished and through trusts, foundations or through an be corporation union wealthiness self-command advise be transferred from plenty to other well-grounded entities. more companies which ar implicated rough lawsuits or lenders foreclosing on spectacular debts elect to transfer a fate of their assets to an entity that holds it exterior of their home country. By make these self-will transfers, these companies can carry ecstasy or other municipal troubles (Investopedia, 2006) . Confidentiality Many shoreward jurisdictions post multinational companies the added advantage of muteness legislation. These countries hold up enacted laws establishing strict collective and banking confidentiality.If this confidentiality is breakouted, in that respect ar dangerous consequences for the pique party. An poser of a violate of banking confidentiality is divulging client identities disclosing sh beholders is a breach of corporate confi dentiality in most jurisdictions. To a multinational association, this secrecy of ain information can cranny monumental monetary and legal advantage. Because nations argon not postulate to postulate the laws of a foreign regimen, seaward jurisdictions are, in most cases, resistive to the laws that may guard where the investment funds company resides (Investopedia, 2006).Diversification of Businesses internal companies exhaust to quest for topical anesthetic anaesthetic political relation regulations that take a hop its international investment opportunities. transnational companies rent measureless ingress to international markets and to all major exchanges. at that place are too legion(predicate) opportunities in ontogenesis nations, peculiarly in those that are offshoot to denationalise sectors that were once under government control. purpose therefrom we learn that multinational companies esteem many advantages compared to local home(prenominal) companies.